In early 2022, Russian tech firms got cut off from the platforms they had run on for decades. Microsoft, SAP, Oracle, AWS, and the whole
Why Technology Transfer Restrictions Accelerate Domestic Innovation in Some Sectors
When a country hits a wall on buying foreign tech, the first reaction tends to be doom and gloom. The logic seems airtight: without access
When Being Cut Off Sparks a Fire: How Tech Transfer Bans Can Fuel Domestic Innovation
Governments slap restrictions on technology transfer, and the knee-jerk reaction is usually doom and gloom. Cut off the flow of foreign know-how, the thinking goes,
The Economics of Parallel Import Routes in a Sanctioned Economy
Introduction: Why Parallel Imports Matter Now Sanctions redraw trade maps overnight. For any business operating in or with a sanctioned economy, the old supply chains
Parallel Import Economics When Sanctions Rewrite the Trade Map
Sanctions redraw the trade map overnight. Textbook supply and demand stop making sense. Instead, a shadow economy takes hold—brokers, rerouted shipments, and price tags that
How State-Owned Enterprises Compete With Private Firms in Restricted Markets
State-owned enterprises don’t play by the same rulebook. When they step into markets where private companies face tight restrictions—defense, energy, telecoms—they don’t just compete. They
The Uneven Field: How State-Owned Enterprises Compete With Private Firms in Restricted Markets
State-owned enterprises sit in a strange spot. They aren’t pure businesses, and they aren’t just government offices dressed up in corporate clothes. They hover somewhere